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Reverend Ferdinand Kittel ((カンナダ語:ಫರ್ಡಿನ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಕಿಟ್ಟೆಲ್)) (7 April 1832 in Resterhafe, East Frisia – 18 December 1903 in Tübingen) was a priest and indologist with the Basel Mission in south India and worked in Mangalore, Madikeri and Dharwad in Karnataka. His father's name is Gottfried Christian Kittel and his mother's name is Helen Hubert. He is most famous for his studies of the Kannada language and for producing a Kannada-English dictionary of about 70,000 words in 1894. Many Kannada dictionaries existed at least since poet Ranna's 'Ranna Khanda' in 10th century. He also composed numerous Kannada poems.〔Journal of the Karnatak University: Humanities: Volume 19 Karnatak University - 1975 "He was also involved in the work of the revision of the Kannada Bible. But his magnum opus was the school dictionary English- Kannada Shala Nighantu, which saw the light of the day in 1876. Though William Reeve (missionary) compiled and published ..."〕 He arrived in India in 1853. As a missionary, he endeavoured to follow Paul's first Epistle to the Corinthians and "become as an Indian unto the Indians", and undertook exhaustive studies learning the Kannada language, customs and local music. This earned rebuke from the Basel Mission, where he was already an outsider on account of his North German origin and academic education (the other missionaries were chiefly from southwest Germany and the lower/middle classes, though Gottfried Weigle had studied at Tübingen). This marginalised him by pushing him to a remote station in the Nilgiris and later confining him to the mission's press in Mangalore. He returned to Germany, but visited India again in his fifties to complete his dictionary, which by then had become for him an end in itself, and not merely an instrument secondary to missionary work.〔 In 1862, Rev. Kittel, published his poetical Kannada work `Kathamale' which presented the life of Jesus Christ in the form of Indian musical metre style. He produced the first Kannada-English dictionary in 1894, with about 70,000 words. Reverend Ferdinand Kittel also wrote a book on Kannada grammar called ''A Grammar of the Kannada Language: Comprising the Three Dialects of the language''. He translated Nagavarma's work on Kannada prosody.〔 Originally published by Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository, 1875.〕 He is today almost forgotten in Germany, but widely recognised in Karnataka.〔 Many educational institutions have been named after him. A statue at the end of Mahatma Gandhi road in the city of Bangalore commemorates him. Austin Town in Bangalore was renamed "F Kittel Nagar". The book ''An Indian to the Indians? On the Initial Failure and the Posthumous Success of the Missionary Ferdinand Kittel (1832–1903)'', edited by Reinhard Wendt, describes various aspects of his work.〔 () Reviews: (Robert Eric Frykenberg ), (Martin Krieger ), (Nile Green ), ()〕 ==See also== * Kannada language * Kannada grammar * Shabdamanidarpana 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ferdinand Kittel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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